Evolving factors influencing consumers' attitudes toward social media marketing and its impact on social media usage

M. Sadiq Sohail, Ibrahim Al-Jabri

Abstract


This study aims to increase understanding of the factors affecting consumer attitudes towards social media marketing and the use of social media. Reviewing theories of reasoned action approach, the paper proposes a research model, which examines the determinants of consumer attitudes towards the use of social media marketing and consequent impact on social media use. Data for the study was collected from 372 consumers in Saudi Arabia. Using the Partial Least Square method, the model was tested using a two-stage process, model evaluation and testing the significance of the model. The findings support most of the hypotheses. In summary, of the nine hypotheses tested, six were supported, while three were not. The findings broaden and deepen our understanding of the factors affecting consumer attitudes towards marketing with social media and use in Saudi Arabia. The results have useful implications to marketers, who are increasingly using social media as a business strategy. The paper discusses the implications of the finding and provides direction for future research. Marketing through social media particularly in the Arab region is not well understood due to paucity of research in this area. This paper bridges the research and knowledge gap.


Keywords


social media; social media marketing; consumer attitudes; social media use; Saudi Arabia.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ajzen, 1. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behaviour: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioural control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(5), 453–474.

Akar, E., & Topçu, B. (2011). An examination of the factors influencing consumers' attitudes toward social media marketing. Journal of Internet Commerce, 10(1), 35-67.

Al-Ghamdi, H., Al-Hadban, N., & Al-Hassoun, T. (2014). The Effectiveness of Facebook as a Marketing Tool. International Journal of Management and Information Technology,10(2),availableat:http://cirworld.org/journals/index.php/ijmit/article/view/595/pdf_8.

Al-Jabri, I. M., Sohail, M. S., & Ndubisi, N. O. (2015). Understanding Global Social Networking Sites Usage by Arabs through the Uses and Gratifications Theory Lens. Journal of Service Management, 26(4), 662 – 680.

Al-Saud, A. A., & Khan, M. R. (2013). The Role of Social Media in Brand Development in Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Business and Economics, 1(8). http://ojs.journals.cz/index.php/EJBE/article/view/1/1

Altheide, D. L. (2013). Media Logic, Social Control, and Fear. Communication Theory, 23(3), 223–238.

Armstrong, J. S., & Terry, S. O. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14:396-402.

Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., & Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy. Business Horizons, 55(3), 261–271.

Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., & Campbell, C. (2008). When customers create the ad. California Management Review, 50(4), 6–30.

Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216.

Buehrer, R. E., Senecal, S., & Pullins, B. (2005). Sales force technology usage—Reasons, barriers, and support. An exploratory investigation Industrial Marketing Management, 34, pp. 389–398

Cha, J. (2009). Shopping on social networking Web sites: Attitudes toward real versus virtual items. Journal of Interactive Advertising 10 (1): 77–93.

Cheung, C. M., Lee, M. K., & Thadani, D. R. (2009, September). The impact of positive electronic word-of-mouth on consumer online purchasing decision. In World Summit on Knowledge Society (pp. 501-510). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Chin, W. W., Henseler, J., Vinzi, V. E., & Wang, H. (2010). How to Write Up and Report PLS Analyses. Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications, 655-690.

Chiou, Y. H., Chen, M. H., Huang, L. S., Huang, L. R., & Hu, S. R. (2008). The effects of blog product placement type and source credibility on the attitudes toward product placement in Taiwan.

Chu, S. C., Kamal, S., & Kim, Y. (2013). Understanding consumers' responses toward social media advertising and purchase intention toward luxury products. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 4(3), 158-174.

Chu, S.C., Kamal, S. & Kim, Y. (2013), Understanding consumers’ responses toward social media advertising and purchase intention toward luxury products. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 4(3), 158-174.

Constantinides, E. & Fountain, S.J. (2008). Web 2.0: conceptual foundations and marketing issues. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 9(3) 231-244.

Cox, S. (2010). Online social network member attitude toward online advertising formats. MA thesis, The Rochester Institute of Technology

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behaviour: The reasoned action approach. Taylor and Francis.

Fishbein. M., & Ajten, I. (1975). Beliej attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Fornell, C. G., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

Hajli, M. (2014). A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal of Market Research, 56(3), 387-404.

Heinonen, K. (2011). Consumer activity in social media: Managerial approaches to consumers’social media behavior. Journal of Consumer Behavior 10, 356-364.

Hsu, C. H., & Huang, S. S. (2012). An extension of the theory of planned behaviour model for tourists. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 36(3), 390–417.

John, G., & Reve, T. (1982). The reliability and validity of key informant data from dyadic relationships in marketing channels. Journal of marketing research, 19(4),517-524.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business horizons, 53(1), 59-68.

Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business horizons, 54(3), 241-251.

Killian, G., & McManus, K. (2015). A marketing communications approach for the digital era: Managerial guidelines for social media integration. Business Horizons, 58(5), 539–549.

Kim, Y. H., Kim, M., & Goh, B. K. (2011). An examination of food tourist’s behavior: Using the modified theory of reasoned action. Tourism Management, 32(5), 1159–1165.

Kotler, P., & Keller L. (2006). Marketing management. 12th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Lampe, C., Ellison, N. B., & Steinfield, C. (2008, November). Changes in use and perception of Facebook. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (pp. 721-730). ACM.

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.

Lewis, B. K., & Nicholes, C. (2012). Social Media and Strategic Communication: A two-year study of attitudes and perceptions about social media among college students. Public Relations Journal, 6(4), 1-20.

Edwards, S. M., Li, H., & Lee, J. H. (2002). Forced exposure and psychological reactance: Antecedents and consequences of the perceived intrusiveness of pop-up ads. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 83-95.

Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behaviour and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3–9.

Mangold, W. G., & Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business horizons, 52(4), 357-365.

Ngai, E. W., Tao, S. S., & Moon, K. K. (2015). Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information Management, 35(1), 33-44.

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Validity. Psychometric theory, 99-132.

Papasolomou, I., & Melanthiou, Y. (2012). Social Media: Marketing Public Relations’ New Best Friend. Journal of Promotion Management, 18(3), 319–328.

Powers, T., Advincula, D., Austin, M. S., Graiko, S., & Snyder, J. (2012). Digital and social media in the purchase decision process. Journal of advertising research, 52(4), 479-489.

Prayag, G., Hosany, S., Nunkoo, R., & Alders, T. (2013). London residents’ support for the 2012 Olympic Games: The mediating effect of overall attitude. Tourism Management, 36, 629–640.

Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behaviour: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31(6), 797–805.

Ramsaran-Fowdar, R. R., & Fowdar, S. (2013). The implications of Facebook marketing for organizations. Contemporary Management Research, 9(1).

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH: Boenningstedt. http://www.smartpls.com.

Rose, C. (2011). The security implications of ubiquitous social media. International Journal of Management and Information Systems (IJMIS), 15(1), 35-40.

Rozental, T. D., George, T. M., & Chacko, A. T. (2010). Social networking among upper extremity patients. The Journal of hand surgery, 35(5), 819-823.

Safko, L. (2010). The social media bible: tactics, tools, and strategies for business success. John Wiley & Sons.

Saravanakumar, M., & Suganthalakshmi, T. (2012). Social media marketing. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 4444-4451.

Schiffman, L. & Kanuk, L. (2010). Consumer behavior. Global Edition, 10th ed., Pearson Higher Education, London.

Shiau, W. & Luo, M. M. (2010). Continuance intention of blog users: the impact of perceived enjoyment, habit, user involvement and blogging time. Behaviour and Information Technology, 32(6), 570-583.

Singh, S. & Sonnenburg, S. (2012). Brand Performance in Social Media. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(4) 189–97.

Stelznar, M. A. (2016). How marketers are using social media to grow their business. Social Media Marketing Industry Report. Social Media Examiner Retrieved April 20, 2017 https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SocialMediaMarketingIndustryReport2016.pdf

Stelzner, M. A. (2015). May 2014, Social Media Marketing Industry Report: How marketers are using social media to grow their businesses. Social Media Examiner. https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/SocialMediaMarketingIndustryReport2015.pdf

Sun, S. & Wang, Y. (2010). Examining the role of beliefs and attitudes in online advertising: a comparison between the USA and Romania. International Marketing Review, 27(1) 87-107.

Torelli, C. (2013). Globalization, culture, and branding: How to leverage cultural equity for building iconic brands in the era of globalization. Springer

Wang, J., & Ritchie, B. W. (2012). Understanding accommodation managers’ crisis planning intention: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1057–1067.

Yousafzai, S. Y., Foxall, G. R., & Pallister, J. G (2010). Explaining Internet Banking Behavior: Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, or Technology Acceptance Model? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(5) 1172–1202.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017



International Journal of Marketing, Communication and New Media

ISSN: 2182-9306

DOI: 10.54663/2182-9306

Qualis Periódicos - CAPES: B2

REBIB: Q2


Indexing:

Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index - Clarivate Analytics

Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2021, 2022, 2023

Crossref

QUALIS CAPESGOOGLE SCHOLAR - LATINDEX - REDIB - RCAAP - OAJI - DRJI - MIAR - LIVRE - ERIH PLUS - INDEX COPERNICUS -