User Responses to Pro-Environmental Facebook Messages of Pride and Guilt

Suji Park, Hae Rin Kang

Abstract


Persuasive communication studies have examined the effects of emotional messages on pro-environmental behavioral intentions and behaviors. However, more research needs to focus on the importance of social media activities which can expand the range of campaign messages. By reviewing eWOM literature, the current study scrutinizes how exposure to a pro-environmental Facebook post carrying pride or guilt-framed messages affects Facebook activity intentions-liking, sharing, and commenting on the post-and pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Also, empathy as an internal factor is examined to verify its role in eliciting pride and guilt. The findings show that satisfaction elicited by exposure to a pro-environmental message positively predicts the intentions of all Facebook activities and pro-environmental behaviors. However, feeling guilty does not predict preferences to like and share the post. In addition, empathy is positively linked with both moral emotions. These results indicate that positive moral emotions could be more effective than negative moral emotions in enhancing the virality of pro-environmental messages. A practical recommendation would be to create campaign messages inducing positive moral emotions that encourage users to actively share the notes to meet their desire to enhance self-presentation on social media.


Keywords


moral emotions; Facebook; pro-environmental behavioral intention; eWOM

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alhabash, S., McAlister, A. R., Hagerstrom, A., Quilliam, E. T., Rifon, N. J., & Richards, J. I. (2013). Between likes and shares: Effects of emotional appeal and virality on the persuasiveness of anti-cyberbullying messages on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 175–182. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012. 0265

Amatulli, C., De Angelis, M., Peluso, A. M., Soscia, I., & Guido, G. (2019). The Effect of Negative Message Framing on Green Consumption: An Investigation of the Role of Shame. Journal of Business Ethics, 157(4), 1111–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3644-x

Baek, T. H., & Yoon, S. (2017). Guilt and shame: Environmental message framing effects. Journal of Advertising, 46(3), 440-453.

Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of environmental psychology, 27(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002

Barón, M. J., Etxebarria Bilbao, I., Apodaka Urkijo, P., Conejero López, S., & Pascual Jimeno, A. (2018). Moral emotions associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in school-aged children. Psicothema.

Batson, C. D., Lishner, D. A., & Stocks, E. L. (2015). The empathy—Altruism hypothesis. Oxford Handbooks Online. 1-27. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399813.013.023

Berenguer, J. (2007). The effect of empathy in pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Environment and Behavior, 39(2), 269-283.

Bissing-Olson, M. J., Fielding, K. S., & Iyer, A. (2016). Experiences of pride, not guilt, predict pro-environmental behavior when pro-environmental descriptive norms are more positive. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 145-153.

Bone, P. F. (1995). Word-of-mouth effects on short-term and long-term product judgments. Journal of business research, 32(3), 213-223.

Boyd, D. (2010). Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In A networked self (pp. 47-66). Routledge.

Brody, S., Grover, H., & Vedlitz, A. (2012). Examining the willingness of Americans to alter behavior to mitigate climate change. Climate Policy, 12(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2011.579261

Buhrmester, M. D., Talaifar, S., & Gosling, S. D. (2018). An evaluation of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, its rapid rise, and its effective use. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617706516

Cappella, J. N., Kim, H. S., & Albarracín, D. (2015). Selection and transmission processes for information in the emerging media environment: Psychological motives and message characteristics. Media Psychology, 18(3), 396-424. doi: 10.1080/15213269.2014.941112

Carré, A., Stefaniak, N., d'Ambrosio, F., Bensalah, L., & Besche-Richard, C. (2013). The Basic Empathy Scale in adults (BES-A): factor structure of a revised form. Psychological assessment, 25(3), 679.

Catino, M., & Patriotta, G. (2013). Learning from errors: Cognition, emotions and safety culture in the Italian air force. Organization Studies, 34(4), 437-467. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840612467156

Chao, Y. L., & Lam, S. P. (2011). Measuring responsible environmental behavior: Self-reported and other-reported measures and their differences in testing a behavioral model. Environment and Behavior, 43(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509350849

Chiou, J. S., & Cheng, C. (2003). Should a company have message boards on its websites? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(3), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10059

Cohen, T. R. (2010). Moral emotions and unethical bargaining: The differential effects of empathy and perspective taking deterring deceitful negotiation. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(4), 569-579. doi: 10.1007/s10551-009-0338-z

Choi, J., & Kim, Y. (2014). The moderating effects of gender and number of friends on the relationship between self-presentation and brand-related word-of-mouth on Facebook. Personality and individual differences, 68, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.040

Coviello, L., Sohn, Y., Kramer, A. D., Marlow, C., Franceschetti, M., Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2014). Detecting emotional contagion in massive social networks. PloS one, 9(3), e90315. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090315

Davis, M. H. (1983). The effects of dispositional empathy on emotional reactions and helping: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality, 51(2), 167-184.

Decety, J. (2011). The neuroevolution of empathy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1231, 35–45. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011 .06027.x

Dellarocas, C. (2003). The digitization of word of mouth: Promise and challenges of online feedback mechanisms. Management Science, 49(10), 1407-1424.

Derntl, B., Finkelmeyer, A., Eickhoff, S., Kellermann, T., Falkenberg, D. I., Schneider, F., & Habel, U. (2010). Multidimensional assessment of empathic abilities: Neural correlates and gender differences. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 67–82. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.10.006

de Zúñiga, H. G., Barnidge, M., & Scherman, A. (2018). Social media social capital, offline social capital, and citizenship: Exploring asymmetrical social capital effects. In Digital Politics: Mobilization, Engagement and Participation (pp. 44-68). Routledge.

DiRusso, C., & Myrick, J. G. (2021). Sustainability in CSR Messages on Social Media: How Emotional Framing and Efficacy Affect Emotional Response, Memory and Persuasion. Environmental Communication, 15(8), 1045–1060. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2021.1933120.

Eckland, N. S., Huang, A. B., & Berenbaum, H. (2020). Empathic accuracy: Associations with prosocial behavior and self-insecurity. Emotion, 20(7), 1306.

Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological bulletin, 101(1), 91.

Fernandez, M., Piccolo, L. S., Maynard, D., Wippoo, M., Meili, C., & Alani, H. (2017). Pro-environmental campaigns via social media: Analysing awareness and behavior patterns. Journal of Web Science, 3(1).

Filieri, R. (2016). What makes an online consumer review trustworthy? Annals of Tourism Research, 58, 46-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.12.019

Filieri, R., Acikgoz, F., Ndou, V., & Dwivedi, Y. (2020). Is TripAdvisor still relevant? The influence of review credibility, review usefulness, and ease of use on consumers’ continuance intention. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.33(1), 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2020-0402

Fredrickson, B. (2009). Positivity: Top-notch research reveals the 3-to-1 ratio that will change your life. Harmony.

Gentile, B., Twenge, J. M., Freeman, E. C., & Campbell, W. K. (2012). The effect of social networking websites on positive self-views: An experimental investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1929–1933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.012

Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford University Press.

Han, R., & Cheng, Y. (2020). The influence of norm perception on pro-environmental behavior: A comparison between the moderating roles of traditional media and social media. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197164

Han, R., & Xu, J. (2020). A comparative study of the role of interpersonal communication, traditional media, and social media in pro-environmental behavior: A China-based study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061883

Han, W., McCabe, S., Wang, Y., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2018). Evaluating user-generated content in social media: an effective approach to encourage greater pro-environmental behavior in tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 600-614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1372442

Hauser, D. J., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Attentive Turkers: MTurk participants perform better on online attention checks than subject pool participants. Behavior research methods, 48(1), 400-407.

Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet? Journal of interactive marketing, 18(1), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10073

Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 589–611. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.010

Kane, K., Chiru, C., & Ciuchete, S. G. (2012). Exploring the eco-attitudes and buying behavior of Facebook users. Amfiteatru Economic, XIV(31), 157–171.

Kanske, P., & Kotz, S. A. (2007). Concreteness in emotional words: ERP evidence from a hemifield study. Brain Research, 1148, 138-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.044

Kim, J., & Lee, J. E. R. (2011). The Facebook paths to happiness: Effects of the number of Facebook friends and Self-presentation on subjective well-being. CyberPsychology, behavior, and social networking, 14(6), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0374

Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2019). Can climate change awareness predict pro-environmental practices in restaurants? Comparing high and low dining expenditure. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236777

Kroll, J., & Egan, E. (2004). Psychiatry, moral worry, and moral emotions. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 10(6), 352-360.

Kusumawati, A., Utomo, H. S., Suharyono, S., & Sunarti, S. (2019). Effects of sustainability on WoM intention and revisit intention, with environmental awareness as a moderator. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. 31(1), 273-288. doi: 10.1108/MEQ-03-2019-0064

Lam, T. C. M., Kolomitro, K., & Alamparambil, F. C. (2011). Empathy training: Methods, evaluation practices, and validity. Journal of Multidisciplinary Evaluation, 7(16), 162-200.

Lewis, H. B. (1971). Shame and guilt in neurosis. Psychoanalytic Review, 58(3), 419-438.

Lin, H., Tov, W., & Qiu, L. (2014). Emotional disclosure on social networking sites: The role of network structure and psychological needs. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 342-350.

Liu, H., Jayawardhena, C., Osburg, V. S., Yoganathan, V., & Cartwright, S. (2021). Social sharing of consumption emotion in electronic word of mouth (eWOM): A cross-media perspective. Journal of Business Research, 132, 208-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.030

Luck, E., & Ginanti, A. (2013). Online environmental citizenship: Blogs, green marketing, and consumer sentiment in the 21st century. Electronic Green Journal, 1(35), 1–26.

McLaughlin, C., & Vitak, J. (2012). Norm evolution and violation on Facebook. New media & society, 14(2), 299-315.

Michie, S. (2009). Pride and gratitude: How positive emotions influence the prosocial behaviors of organizational leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(4), 393-403.

Montano, D. E., & Kasprzyk, D. (2015). Theory of reasoned action, the theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model. Health behavior: Theory, research and practice, 70(4), 231.

Nadarajan, G., Bojei, J., & Khalid, H. (2017). The study on negative eWOM and its relationship to consumers’ intention to switch Mobile Service Providers. Procedia Computer Science, 124, 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.169

Peeters, G., & Czapinski, J. (1990). Positive-negative asymmetry in evaluations: The distinction between affective and informational negativity effects. European review of social psychology, 1(1), 33-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779108401856

Purnawirawan, N., Eisend, M., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2015). A meta‐analytic investigation of the role of valence in online reviews. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 31, 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2015.05.001

Rimé, B. (2009). Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review. Emotion Review, 1(1), 60-85.

Rimé, B., Finkenauer, C., Luminet, O., Zech, E., & Philippot, P. (1998). Social sharing of emotion: New evidence and new questions. European review of social psychology, 9(1), 145-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779843000072

Roberts, W., Strayer, J., & Denham, S. (2014). Empathy, anger, guilt: Emotions and prosocial behavior. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 46(4), 465.

Roma, P., & Aloini, D. (2019). How does brand-related user-generated content differ across social media? Evidence reloaded. Journal of Business Research, 96, 322-339.

Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. (2001). Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and social psychology review, 5(4), 296-320. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0504_2

Ruiz-Mafe, C., Bigné-Alcañiz, E., & Currás-Pérez, R. (2020). The effect of emotions, eWOM quality, and online review sequence on consumer intention to follow advice obtained from digital services. Journal of Service Management, 31(3), 465-487. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-11-2018-0349

Septianto, F., Seo, Y., & Errmann, A. C. (2021). Distinct Effects of Pride and Gratitude Appeals on Sustainable Luxury Brands. Journal of Business Ethics, 169(2), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04484-7

Shah, Z., Wei, L., & Ghani, U. (2021). The Use of Social Networking Sites and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Mediation and Moderation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041805

Tam, K. P. (2019). Anthropomorphism of nature, environmental guilt, and pro-environmental behavior. Sustainability, 11(19), 5430.

Tangney, J. P. (1990). Assessing individual differences in proneness to shame and guilt: van de development of the Self-Conscious effect and Attribution Inventory. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(1), 102.

Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Gender differences in morality. In R. F. Bornstein & J. M. Masling (Eds.), The psychodynamics of gender and gender role (pp. 251–269). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10450-007

Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual review of psychology, 58, 345.

Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Understanding household garbage reduction behavior: a test of an integrated model. Journal of public policy & marketing, 14(2), 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/074391569501400202

Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2007). The psychological structure of pride: a tale of two facets. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(3), 506.

Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004). " Putting the Self Into Self-Conscious Emotions: A Theoretical Model." Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 103-125. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1502_01

van Berkhout, E. T., & Malouff, J. M. (2016). The efficacy of empathy training: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of counseling psychology, 63(1), 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000093

Waterloo, S. F., Baumgartner, S. E., Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2018). Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. new media & society, 20(5), 1813-1831.

Xenos, M. A., Macafee, T., & Pole, A. (2017). Understanding variations in user response to social media campaigns: A study of Facebook posts in the 2010 US elections. New Media & Society, 19(6), 826-842. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815616617

Xia, Z., Zhang, S., Tian, X., & Liu, Y. (2021). Understanding waste sorting behavior and key influencing factors through the internet of things: Evidence from the college student community. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 174, 105775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105775

Yu, J. (2014). We look for social, not promotion: Brand post strategy, consumer emotions, and engagement. International Journal of Media & Communication, 1(2), 28-37. doi: 10.5176/2335-6618_1.2.17

Yuriev, A., Boiral, O., & Guillaumie, L. (2020). Evaluating determinants of employees' pro-environmental behavioral intentions. International Journal of Manpower.

Zhang, H., Liang, X., & Qi, C. (2021). Investigating the impact of interpersonal closeness and social status on electronic word-of-mouth effectiveness. Journal of Business Research, 130, 453-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.020

Zubair, M., Iqbal, S., Usman, S. M., Awais, M., Wang, R., & Wang, X. (2020). Message framing and self-conscious emotions help to understand pro-environment consumer purchase intention: an ERP study. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75343-8.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Suji Park, Hae Rin Kang

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

International Journal of Marketing, Communication and New Media

ISSN: 2182-9306

DOI: 10.54663/2182-9306

Qualis Periódicos - CAPES: B2

REBIB: Q2


Indexing:

Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index - Clarivate Analytics

Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2021, 2022, 2023

Crossref

QUALIS CAPESGOOGLE SCHOLAR - LATINDEX - REDIB - RCAAP - OAJI - DRJI - MIAR - LIVRE - ERIH PLUS - INDEX COPERNICUS -